Lipan Apache people
(Volodymyr Petrivsky)
Lipan Apache are Southern Athabascan (Apachean) people who are aboriginal to present-day Texas, New Mexico, Colorado and the northern Mexican states of Chihuahua, Nuevo León, Coahuila, and Tamaulipas prior to the 17th century. Present-day Lipans mostly live throughout the U.S. Southwest, in Texas, New Mexico and the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona, as well as with the Mescalero tribe on the Mescalero Reservation in New Mexico; some also live in urban and rural areas throughout North America
Tunica tribe
(Valeria Synelnykova)
The Tunica and Biloxi Indians have lived on their reservation near Marksville, Louisiana, for over two centuries, during which the tribes, though speaking completely different languages,
intermarried. The first half of the motto on the Tunica-Biloxi flag, "Cherishing Our Past," refers to the Tunica's pre-Marksville history -- an odyssey without parallel among Lower Mississippi
Valley tribes. As recounted by Dr. Jeffrey P. Brain in "The Tunica Trail", the Tunica inhabited Quizquiz, a great center of power in northwestern Mississippi when the Spanish explorer De Soto encounteredthem in 1541. The Tunica exercised influence over a wide territory, encompassing present-dayArkansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Tennessee, Louisiana, Alabama, and even Florida. They were traders and entrepreneurs of the first order. Under severe pressure from European diseases,famine, and warfare, the Tunica steadily moved southward, following the Mississippi River.
Crow Indians
(Remezovskij Nazar)
At the beginning of the world, there was nothing but water. It was dark in the world, and no one saw the water of the world. Then the Old Man of the Crow People came into the world, and he looked all around and said, "Is there nothing in this world but water?"
Natches
(Pasha Kushnaryov)
The Natchez are a Native American people who originally lived in the Natchez Bluffs area, near the present-day city of Natchez, Mississippi. They spoke a language isolate that has no known close relatives, although it may be very distantly related to the Muskogean languages of the Creek Confederacy.
The Osage
(Olga Aladko)
The Osage Nation is a Native American Siouan-language tribe in the United States that originated in the Ohio River valley in present-day Kentucky. After years of war with invading Iroquois, the Osage migrated west of the Mississippi River to their historic lands in present-day Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma by the mid-17th century. At the height of their power in the early 18th century, the Osage had become the dominant power in their region, controlling the area between the Missouri and Red rivers. They are a federally recognized tribe and based mainly in Osage County, Oklahoma, coterminous with their reservation. Members are found throughout the country.
Tillamook Indians
(Olena Godun)
"The Tillamooks are actually a southern branch Salishan family of tribes which occupied the coastal area of British Columbia from the Strait of Georgia south through the Puget Sound area of Washington State, along the coast as far south as the Siletz River, Oregon, except around the mouth of the Columbia River (occupied by the Chinook). The Coast Salish practised the wealth and gift distribution ceremony known as the Potlatch. They generally lived in cedar plank houses facing rivers or the sea; and have a tradition of complex wood-carving art which weakened to the south into simpler art forms. Two dominant subsistence and material resources among the Salish were salmon and red cedar, and they excelled in basketry and textiles. They were essentially a river and bay people in a heavy forest area with a moist, mild climate."
The Omaha Tribe
(Maria Brezgina)
The Omaha tribe began as a larger woodland tribe comprised of both the Omaha and Quapaw tribes. The original tribe inhabited the area near the Ohio and Wabash rivers, near present-day Cincinnati, Ohio. Their territory extended from near Yankton, South Dakota , south to Rulo, Nebraska, and up to 150 miles west, an area of 35,600,000 acres. They had villages at Homer and Bellevue, Nebraska and probably several other locations up and down the river.
Powhatan
(Alex Kravchuk)
The Powhatan (also spelled Powatan and Powhaten) is the name of a Virginia Indian confederation of tribes. It is estimated that there were about 14,000–21,000 of these native Powhatan people in eastern Virginia when the English settled Jamestown in 1607.They were also known as Virginia Algonquians, as they spoke an eastern-Algonquian language known as Powhatan or Virginia Algonquin.
Osage tribe
(Boyarchuk Roman)
The Osage Nation is a Native American Siouan-language tribe in the United States that originated in the Ohio River valley in present-day Kentucky. After years of war with invading Iroquois, the Osage migrated west of the Mississippi River to their historic lands in present-dayArkansas, Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma by the mid-17th century. At the height of their power in the early 18th century, the Osages had become the dominant power in their region, controlling the area between the Missouri and Red rivers. They are a federally recognized tribe and based mainly in Osage County, Oklahoma. Members are found throughout the country
Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma
(Anton Kravchuk)
Kickapoo is an Algonquian language closely related to Mesquakie-Sauk (some linguists even consider it a dialect of Mesquakie-Sauk). Unlike Mesquakie-Sauk, however, Kickapoo is a tone language--the high or low pitch of a vowel can change a Kickapoo word's meaning. Kickapoo is spoken in three distinct language areas, Kansas, Oklahoma, and northern Mexico, by a combined 800 people. The language is most vigorous in Mexico, where some children are still learning it at home; in America Kickapoo is endangered, though revitalization efforts are ongoing. In the past, Kickapoo Indians also used a unique linguistic code called "whistle speech" to convey simple utterances, but today it is a lost art.
